How Many Apostles?

What is the exact word and meaning for Apostles in Greek … Apostles are the eyewitnesses of the resurrected Christ, Right? (Acts 1:22) as they were twelve and apostle Paul (Acts 26:13-18) … But some people are arguing that there are 16 Apostles which includes the following. Can you  please Explain … Twelve + Paul = 13 … + Matthias = 14 … Acts 14:14 … + Barnabas = 15 … Heb 3:1 … + Jesus = 16 … ~ Joe David “How many apostles” as it is represented above is a trivia or trick question that one might pose to try to stump someone. Yet, of course, there is a valid aspect to determining what the word apostle means and in what sense it is variously applied in the New Testament. The word for “apostle” is transliterated (brought over without translation and the Greek letters exchanged for English letters) from the Greek, apostolos. Literally, it means, “one sent forth.” It is applied by Jesus to his twelve disciples (Luke 6:13). When a replacement apostle was selected to replace Judas who by transgression fell, one was to be selected from among those who had been with the Lord in his earthly ministry and had seen the resurrected Lord (Acts 1:22); Matthias was chosen (Acts 1:26). Through this point, there existed 12 apostleships of Christ and there had been 13 persons who had or were serving as apostles of Christ. The apostle Paul was singled out by Jesus to serve as an apostle …

1 Corinthians 13:8-13

I came across your article while doing some research on the internet. thanks for your insight. A couple of questions come to mind that I wonder if you can help me with. First, would it make any difference if tonges, prophecy, knowledge are understood not as miracles but as manifestations of the Spirit in the worship of the body? Secondly, can the phrase “now abides . . .” refer to right now in the present age and not after the Lord’s return? … My background teaches cessationism based largely on this verse but I certainly have read a good many NT scholars who hold differently. In His Name, Mike Garrigan, Bluff Park, AL Granted, “tongues, prophecy and knowledge” were manifestations of the Spirit that sometimes occurred in the assembly (1 Corinthians 14). Howbeit, 1 Corinthians chapters 12-14 dealt with the abuses that the Corinthian church made of the miraculous gifts afforded them. In the context, then, these were miraculous manifestations. The biblical definition of “tongues” from Acts 2 is that they were languages common to men of various nations, which the Holy Spirit enabled some such as the apostles to speak without prior acquaintance with them. In a sense, we still use tongues today, though instead of relying upon miracles, we must study the languages to learn to speak in the languages of various nations. “Faith, hope, charity” (1 Corinthians 13:13) does refer to the present and not to when the Lord returns, as when Jesus Christ returns, faith and hope will …

Created All Things?

What do we do with Colossians 1:16, “For by Him all things were created, that are in heaven and that are in earth?” Does this mean All things? Or is it explained by the rest of the verse: ” Whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers: all things were created by him,” even musical instruments. ~ Tracy Rhodes The verse reads: “For by him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers: all things were created by him, and for him” (Colossians 1:16). The words “all things” literally read in the Greek, “the all.” This refers to the creation of the universe. The word “created” in the Greek means to bring something into existence from nothing. This verse states that Jesus Christ is responsible for creation of the visible universe as well as other aspects of the created universe that are not visible to the eye. Musical instruments, automobiles, homes, etc. are not created but fashioned or made (reworked) from existing (already created) materials. Hence, Colossians 1:16 has no reference to manufactured or even handcrafted items for which mankind may be responsible. Mankind cannot do what is in this verse attributed to Jesus and this verses does not either attribute to Jesus what mankind makes from pieces of the created universe. Further, in the next verse, Jesus is attributed with causing what he created to continue to exist, without …

Fish on the Ark?

Dear Bro. Rushmore, I enjoy your website very much. I appreciate the good job you do with it. I have a Bible Question for you. One of our Bible Class teachers asked me if Noah put fish on the ark? I told her I had never really thought about it. So I read Gen. 6 & 7 and did not see any indication that he did. Would I be correct in telling her that no fish were on the ark since God does not specifically mention them being there. I look forward to your reply. Hayden Childs Genesis 7:2-3, 8, 14 identify Noah’s non-human passengers as beasts, cattle, fowl and creeping things from the earth (i.e., land). Further, including Noah’s family and the non-human passengers, they all were such creatures in which there was “the breath of life” (Genesis 7:15). Genesis 7:22 summarizes what creatures (including man) that died as being “All in whose nostrils was the breath of life, of all that was in the dry land, died.” Again, the next verse stipulates that only the creatures on the surface of the land were affected by the great deluge. “And every living substance was destroyed which was upon the face of the ground, both man, and cattle, and the creeping things, and the fowl of the heaven; and they were destroyed from the earth …” The biblical record clearly reveals that sea creatures, including fish, were not the object of the destructive flood of Noah’s day. No fish were on the ark as part …

The Lord’s Train Isaiah 6:1

What is the spiritual signifigance [sic] of “train”, if any, that Isaiah saw in his vision of the Lord. This certainly must have been more than a typical robe that we read about in chapter 6. Thanks, Wayne Cash, Howe, Ok The KJV, ASV and RSV in Isaiah 6:1 simply refer to the Lord’s “train” filling the temple, whereas the NKJV states: “the train of His robe.” The original language word for “train” means “hem”; therefore, the NKJV adds the word “robe” (italicized to show that it is not in the original) to help the English reader better understand precisely what is filling the temple in the vision, namely the “hem.”1 The NIV and NASB also read “the train of his robe,” without the italics, however, which does not show that the word “robe” was added for clarification. Elsewhere, the word “hem” appears instead of “train” in the following verses: Exodus 28:33-34; 39:24-26. “Skirts” appears instead of either “train” or “hem” in these verses: Jeremiah 13:22, 26; Lamentations 1:9; Nahum 3:5. The Holy Spirit, through the words of Jesus Christ and the pen of the apostle John, applied the prophecy of Isaiah 6:1-13 to the Christ (John 12:34-41). The Holy Spirit had inspired Isaiah to write the Isaiah 6 context and no one, therefore, is more capable of making the appropriate application (Acts 28:25-26). Fittingly, the word “hem” appears respecting the attire of Aaron, the high priest (Exodus 28:33-34; 39:24-26), to which hem bells and pomegranates were attached. (Elsewhere, though, as noted above, “skirts” appears …

10 Reasons the Christian Wants to Attend Worship Services Regularly and Consistently

[Power, Southaven, MS, Southaven church of Christ, July 2000, Vol. 9, No. 7, p. 4.] The Christian should attend regularly to be eager to obey God’s command to assemble. Hebrews 10:25 is a command, not a request. The Hebrews writer used the word “assembling” not “assembly.” Therefore, attendance on Sunday morning, Sunday night and Wednesday night will be no problem to the faithful Christian. Rebellion toward God’s commands is a tragic sin in God’s Book. “For rebellion is as the sin of witchcraft, and stubbornness is as idolatry” (1 Samuel 15:23). We should assemble regularly to show respect for God who gave his Son (John 3:16-17; 1 John 4:10; 2:2). To show respect for Christ who gave his life. No man had greater love than Jesus who died for his friends (John 15:13), but he is a friend only to those who obey him (John 15:14). He became the “author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey him” (Hebrews 5:9). One simply cannot be a friend of Jesus and forsake the assembling of the saints. To show respect for the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit gave us the New Testament which we are under as a law (Romans 8:1-2). He gave us the pattern of the worship, work, organization and purpose of the church. Therefore, to forsake the assembling of the saints is an affront to the Holy Spirit himself. To show love and concern for one’s brethren. Hebrews 10:24 says to “consider” one another in provoking to love and to good works. Therefore, it …

A Blank Piece of Paper

The old man sat in his chair with a blank piece of paper on the stand beside him. He placed it there with a special purpose. As he approached his final days in life, he wanted to make sure everyone from church that visited him would get a letter of thanks and encouragement. The old man had been a member of the Lord’s church for many years; the majority of his life was dedicated to the Lord and the Lord’s church. He had served as elder and treasurer during the hard times and good times. Many years of his life were spent in service to the church, many hours given to the needs of others. He was there to see many members born and many pass away. If something broke, he fixed it; he was a regular handy man. The same with the people’s lives that he worshiped with, if something happened or direction was needed, he was there to shepherd the way. In the last part of his life, the struggle began and he could not get out on his own. His body was slipping away. He could not make it to church or attend services. His heart was still with the Lord; his mind was still active and knowledgeable in the Lord. He loved to talk about the Bible with anyone. When his body finally failed him and he went to be with the Lord, beside his chair and on the stand remained a blank piece of paper. Then …

I Carried the Bones

When Joseph was a teenager, his brothers sold him into slavery to the Midianites, who in turn sold him to Potiphar, an officer of the Pharaoh of Egypt (Genesis 37:28, 37). Joseph found favor in eyes of Potiphar and held a place of honor and authority in Potiphar’s household. Because of false accusations against him, Joseph was placed in prison. Throughout all the adversities Joseph faced, he remained faithful and true to God. Eventually, Joseph was released from prison and once again held a place of honor, prestige and authority in the land of Egypt. It was during this time of authority that Jacob, his sons and their families moved to Egypt (70 people, Genesis 46:27) because of a great famine in the land of Canaan. Shortly before Jacob’s death, he called all his sons together to give them his blessing (Genesis 49) and made Joseph promise to bury him in the land of Canaan (Genesis 47:29-31). This same request was made of all the sons of Jacob in Genesis 49:29-33. At the time of Jacob’s death, Joseph had his body embalmed and after the forty-day period of mourning, Joseph and his brothers carried Jacob’s body to the cave of Machpelah to be buried with Abraham and Isaac. Many years later, as Joseph grew older and began to prepare for his death, he also requested of his brethren that he not be buried in Egypt, but in the land of Canaan with his forefathers (Genesis 50:25-26). At Moses’ instruction, the …

America Needs the Bible

In a letter to the editor of The Tennessean, January 19, 1993, Michael Greene writes, “We learn that an Appeals Court has ruled it unconstitutional for Gideon International to hand out Bibles in public schools in Indianapolis. It is alright to hand out condoms to 13-year-olds. It is alright to graphically instruct junior high kids on how to have safe sex. It is alright to give free abortion counseling to 14-year-olds without parental consent — but wrong to give them a Bible in America. Now to an extent I can understand why our children need to be protected from the dangerous doctrines contained in the Bible. Have you looked at it lately? It has such “dangerous” concepts as “love thy neighbor as thyself,” and “do not covet your neighbor’s wife.” And of course, young ears should never hear such words as “do not commit adultery” or “flee fornication.” Oh, no we cannot, even under the principle of academic freedom which says that all competing ideas have a right to be heard, allow someone access to the Bible. Why they might read and believe, and live by some of those “dangerous concepts.” If that were to happen, the world as we know it would come to an end. Parents would be respected and obeyed, as would teachers. We wouldn’t need policemen in every school. Hatred and racism would die. Teenage pregnancy and the perceived need to hand out safe-sex materials would soon be gone. By all means protect us from such a …

The Tragedy of Disobedience

Saul was the first king of Israel. He was commissioned by God to destroy the Amalekites. He was to slay them all — men, women, children and all their livestock. In short order, the Amalekites were defeated and Saul returned the conquering hero. Much to his surprise, God was displeased with him. It seems Saul had not followed orders. He spared Agag, king of the Amalekites, and the best of their flocks and herds. Upon returning, Saul said Samuel: “Blessed are you of the Lord! I have performed the commandment of the Lord” (1 Samuel 15:13). Samuel replied: “What then is this bleating of the sheep in my ears, and the lowing of the oxen which I hear?” (1 Samuel 15:14). Saul tried to defend his actions but couldn’t. Samuel continued to chastise the king: “Has the Lord as great delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices, as in obeying the voice of the Lord? Behold, to obey is better than sacrifice, and to heed than the fat of rams” (1 Samuel 15:22). Finally, Saul was told that the kingdom would be taken from him because he had rejected the word of the Lord (1 Samuel 15:23, 26). What do we learn from this account? First, partial obedience, even if considerable, is still disobedience. Saul had carried out most of what had been commanded, but he had not fully complied. James wrote, “For whoever shall keep the whole law, and yet stumble in one point, he is guilty of all” (James …

I Have a Personal Relationship With Jesus

Yes, I have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ. This does not mean I have met him in person. This does not mean I have felt him touch me. This does not mean he has come to me in person and spoken to me. Those who say they have had such personal experiences with Jesus may be sincere, but they are sincerely wrong. Someone may ask how anyone could have a personal relationship with Jesus without having such experiences as those stated above. My personal relationship with Jesus is not by feeling or fantasy, but by faith. What is this kind of faith? It is believing what Jesus and those whom he guided by divine inspiration have said in the New Testament. When one ignores this New Testament teaching, he cannot have a personal relationship with Jesus. He has neither the Son of God nor God the Father (2 John 9)! One should be very careful not to substitute emotional upsurges and fantasy for the Word of God! What My Personal Relationship With Jesus Includes It is very personal! I am in Christ because I have been baptized into Christ (Galatians 3:27; Romans 6:3-4). Not only am I in Christ (Colossians 1:2), Christ is in me (Colossians 1:27). This also means I am in the body of Christ which is his church (Colossians 1:18; 3:15). Believing all this makes me feel good, but my feeling good about it is not the proof of it. The proof of it is that …

The New Intolerance

Christians are often perceived by society as being intolerant. Some people who claim to be Christians are not tolerant. And some people who claim to be tolerant are worldly minded and intolerant of Christians. Since all ought to be truly tolerant, this matter of tolerance and the new tolerance needs to be discussed. Tolerance is differing with people without persecuting or doing violence to them. Intolerance is opposing a view to the point of violence. The new tolerance has come to expect that people will not disagree with any belief and that every belief is acceptable. Critics of Christianity, especially homosexual critics, criticize Christians for being intolerant, but this charge is untrue. For 300 years under pagan Rome, Christians were tolerant of paganism and many “isms.” They did not persecute the Jews, but certainly strove to understand them or to refute them or withstand them. Neither did they persecute pagans or those intolerant of Christianity. Apologetics in the New Age by David Clark and Norman Geisler says, “Pluralists are wrong when they claim that tolerance depends on pluralism. Exclusivists can be tolerant in accepting the right of others to have different beliefs. Pluralists can be intolerant in telling adherents of all religions that they are wrong when they hold exclusive beliefs. Indeed the whole notion that one needs to accept as true the other person’s belief in order to tolerate that person is a misuse of language. It makes no sense to speak of tolerating ideas with which we agree — …

Did Jesus Christ Become a Sinner?

“For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him” (2 Corinthians 5:21). The English text is in the King James Version. The Greek and English part shows that the order of words in sentences in the Greek New Testament is generally not the same as the arrangement of words in English sentences. In this sense, any English translation of the New Testament is a paraphrase. The Greek word for sin both times in the text is “hamartian.” Because of what many New Testament texts plainly teach, we know that Jesus did not sin. It is evident that he did not become a sinner when he was offered for our sins on Calvary. What Paul says in 2 Corinthians 5:21 is said in another way by Peter, “Who his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree…” (1 Peter 2:24a). “Bare” of this text is the translation of Greek “anenegken” defined as “carry up; bear up…” After Jesus had cast out devils and healed sick people, Matthew wrote, “That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Esaias the prophet, saying, Himself took our infirmities, and bare our sicknesses” (Matthew 8:17). “Bare” of this text is from Greek “ebastasen” defined “to bear; carry; to take away, remove…” This all means that when Jesus “bare” the sicknesses of people, he did not get sick, but it means he took their sicknesses away …

Marriage, As Designed by God

The institution of marriage involves a covenant between a man, a woman and God. Man and woman, by mutual consent, enter the arrangement. But the procedure, in order to be valid, must be consistent with divine law. The Origin of Marriage According to anthropologists, there is no society wherein marriage does not exist in some format (Montague, 240). The institution is, therefore, a universal phenomenon. Since every effect must have an adequate cause, there must be some reasonable explanation for this feature of global society. Actually, there are but two logical possibilities. Marriage either is of supernatural origin or it had a naturalistic beginning. Those who subscribe to the theory of evolution allege that marriage is “a human development from animal mating relationships” (Huxley, 34). A writer in a popular encyclopedia says: Some scholars are inclined to trace the origin of marriage to pairing arrangements of animals below man. Studies reveal that a more or less permanent association between one or more males and one or more females is common among birds and higher mammals (Locke, 311). A more slippery statement will be hard to find. Is it “more or less … one or more”? The fact is, such a theory is seriously flawed. While it is true that some creatures apparently mate for life (e.g., some species of geese), the ape family (supposedly higher on the evolutionary scale than birds) is quite “promiscuous”! That does not square with the notion that marriage gradually developed as various kinds of organism were …

Ashamed of Christ

In virtually every one of the so-called sitcoms that one sees on television these days, there are open and frontal attacks made upon what the world calls “Christianity.” Those who believe in Jesus Christ as the Son of the only true and living God are attacked, ridiculed, and many jokes, some of them not so nice, are made at the expense of believers. Christianity is made out to be some kind of a stodgy, antiquated religion which is about to pass away. They also depict ministers as inept, sinful, hypocritical and lazy. If any other group of people, such as homosexuals, for example, were singled out and depicted in such a way, there would be a scream go up that could be heard all over the earth; the ACLU would immediately start a lawsuit against someone. But this is not the only persecution that is directed at those who call themselves “Christians” in the land in which we live. The federal government feels that it has the right to step in and investigate the doctrine of various churches — whether that has been requested by those churches or not. They feel they have the right to overturn, by making illegal, such doctrines as they feel are opposed to “civil rights.” There is a movement at this very hour to have homosexuals treated as a minority race in this country, and if that movement succeeds, you and I will not be able to tell a person who is living that life-style …

The Need for Involvement

The seventeenth century poet-preacher John Dunn gave the world these widely quoted words: No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main. If a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is the less, as well as if a promontory were, as well as if a manor of thy friend’s or of thine own were; any man’s death diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind, and therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; the bell tolls for thee. Pythagoras, the Greek philosopher and mathematician, was once asked by a Greek tyrant what he was doing at the Olympic Games. The philosopher replied, Some come to try out for the prizes, some come to sell their merchandise, some come to enjoy themselves and to meet their friends. I am one of those who came just to stand on the sidelines and look on. Telling the story, many years later, Bacon observed: “But man must know that in the theatre of man’s lives and God’s world, it is reserved only for God and the angels to look on.” All of us are deeply involved in all of mankind and there is nothing that happens anywhere in the world that affects people that is not a matter of our concern. From the very beginning of time, man has been involved with his fellow man though he has not realized it. After Cain killed Abel the Lord …

Books of the Old Testament

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Helpless Lambs

When lambing time comes (this is when baby lambs are born), the shepherd must take great care of his flock. This can be a difficult task because it is necessary to move frequently to find new pastureland. The sheep that are soon to give birth must be kept close to the shepherd. This is so that when the time comes the shepherd is there to help in any way needed. The helpless baby lambs that cannot keep up with the rest of the flock are carried in the bosom of the shepherd’s undergarment. The shepherd turns his garment, known as a girdle, into a pocket. The baby lamb is carried until it is able to keep up with the rest of the flock. This usually was not but for a short time. But, during that short time the baby lamb would have fallen behind and probably would have died. This also teaches the baby lamb at a very early age to trust completely in the shepherd. In Isaiah 40:11, we read, “He shall feed his flock like a shepherd: he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his bosom, and shall gently lead those that are with young.” God is talking about taking care of his entire flock. He will do whatever is necessary to take care of us. Of course, we must do our part to stay close to him. I am thankful that we have such a wonderful Good Shepherd. I am so thankful …

Bible Geography

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The Heart of the New Testament

In Matthew He is the King of the Jews (Matthew 2:2). In Mark He is the servant of God (Mark 10:44-45). In Luke He is the perfect Son of Man (Luke 9:56). In John He is the exalted Son of God (John 20:30-31). In Acts He is the ascended Lord (Acts 1:9-11). In Romans He our righteousness (Romans 3:21-25). In 1 Corinthians He is the firstfruits from the dead (1 Corinthians 15:20). In 2 Corinthians He is the One made sin for us (2 Corinthians 5:21). In Galatians He is the One who set us free (Galatians 2:20-21). In Ephesians He is the One who blesses (Ephesians 1:3). In Philippians He is the joy bringer (Philippians 3:1,3; 4:4). In Colossians He is the pre-eminent One (Colossians 1:18). In 1 Thessalonians He is the returning Lord (1 Thessalonians 4:13-18). In 2 Thessalonians He is the world’s judge (2 Thessalonians 1:7-9). In 1 Timothy He is our mediator (1 Timothy 2:5). In 2 Timothy He is the bestower of crowns (2 Timothy 4:8). In Titus He is our great God and Savior (Titus 1:3-4). In Philemon He is the Equalizer (Philemon 16). In Hebrews He is the rest of faith (Hebrews 4:8-11). In James He is the Lord of Sabaoth [hosts] (James 5:4). In 1 Peter He is the theme of Old Testament prophecy (1 Peter 1:19-21). In 2 Peter He is the longsuffering Savior (2 Peter 2:21). In 1 John He is the Word of life (1 John 1:1). In 2 …

God Created Ants: The Oldest Farmers in the World

“Go to the ant, thou sluggard; consider her ways, and be wise: Which having no guide, overseer or ruler, Provideth her meat in the summer, and gathereth her food in the harvest” (Proverbs 6:6-8). With these words, God’s inspired writer pointed out thousands of years ago a truth that is being marveled at today. In the technologically advanced and busy world we live in and hustle around, from time to time we scientists “discover” truths that reconfirm what God so plainly said. And the ant has proven time and time again this fact. We have known for years of the marvelous complexity of the ant colonies, how with unfailing energy, the colony goes about its way of life, communicating without words what needs to be done. Each ant seemingly knows what it is to do and then does it. Whether scouting food sources, gathering the food, construction of new living areas, guarding the nest, tending the queen’s every need or laying the eggs to sustain the colony, each ant works to accomplish its “assigned” task. And so, when the inspired writer wrote that we should be workers, busy about our business, he could not have picked a better example than the ant. But, in recent years it has come to light that God really knew something else about some of the ant species that we are just learning. “Provideth her meat in the summer, and gathereth her food in the harvest” was thought to include only ants’ collection of food …

In Scripture

We must use the knowledge of the Word of God to findthe way to resist temptation, to overcome evil and to do good. The devil is after our souls today. Maybe more so than ever before. We need every help we can have to resist the devil and overcome him, and to anchor our souls. The knowledge of the Word of God is one of the best offenses and defenses that we have to perform this task. Jesus used just such knowledge in resisting the devil (Matthew 4:1-11; Luke 4:1-13). He spent 40 days in the wilderness being tempted of the devil. He ate nothing in those days. When the time was finished, the devil said unto him, “If thou art the Son of God, command this stone that it become bread” (v. 3 ASV). Jesus then said unto him, “It is written, Man shall not live by bread alone” (v. 4), quoting Deuteronomy 8:3. The devil continued his temptation by showing Jesus all the kingdoms of the world and offering to give him the authority over all these if Jesus would worship him. Jesus answered, “It is written, Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and him only shalt thou serve” (Luke 4:8). Then the devil continued his temptation, telling Jesus, “[C]ast thyself down from hence: for it is written, He shall give his angels charge concerning thee, to guard thee: and, on their hands they shall bear thee up, Lest haply thou dash thy foot against a stone” (Luke 4:10-11). …

Closet Christians

There is a difference between a secret religion and a religion in secret. Some in Jesus’ day were secret disciples for fear of the Jews (John 7:13), including (at one point) Nicodemus (John 19:38). Some today are secretive about where their affections lie, not wanting classmates, co-workers or comrades to know they are Christians. They should “come out of the closet” (Romans 1:16; Mark 8:38) and take a stand for Christ (Philippians 1:17; Jude 3). Others claim to be Christians, but only in public. They are outwardly devoted, attend worship assemblies and try to keep good reputations. But that is about as much “religion” as they can muster. Christ is not mentioned around their dinner tables or invited into their inner chambers. When private lives become public record at Judgment, they will be red-faced. Jesus gave some indication at how he will handle this when he confronted some while still on earth whose lips did not match their hearts (Matthew 15:8-9; 23:1-39). They did not leave smiling! God intends for Christians to have religion in secret, though not secret religion! He wants us to practice “closet Christianity.” CLOSET CHRISTIANS PRAY IN PRIVATE. Jesus said, “…when thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father which is in secret; and thy Father which seeth in secret shall reward thee openly” (Matthew 6:6). “Closets” may be taken literally, of course, but the word (tameion) simply refers to, “a chamber on the ground-floor or interior of …

Candace, Queen of the Ethiopians

“And the angel of the Lord spake unto Philip, saying, Arise, and go toward the south unto the way that goeth down from Jerusalem unto Gaza, which is desert. And he arose and went: and, behold, a man of Ethiopia, an eunuch of great authority under Candace queen of the Ethiopians, who had the charge of all her treasure, and had come to Jerusalem for to worship, Was returning, and sitting in his chariot read Esaias the prophet” (Acts 8:26-28, the context continues through verse 40). The name “Candace” appears but once in the Bible (Acts 8:27). However, Ethiopia is mentioned by that name 20 times in the Bible, as well as otherwise referenced (e.g., Cush). There is no controversy regarding the usage of the term “Candace” though there is some confusion regarding the location of the biblical Ethiopia. The following material defines “Candace,” locates biblical Ethiopia for the Bible student and indicates the relationship of ancient Ethiopia to the antique world. Ethiopia, like other formerly obscure deceased empires that interacted with God’s people, deserves some exposure to the student of Holy Writ. Historically, kings rather than queens usually ruled kingdoms in antiquity. Typically, men ascended to thrones, led armies and were warriors. However, two notable exceptions ascribing regal rule to women appear both in the Bible and in secular history. “In the New Testament we read of the ‘queen of the south,’ i.e., Southern Arabia, Sheba (Matt. 12:42; Luke 11:31) and the ‘queen of the Ethiopians’ (Acts 8:27), Candace.”1 Further, the …