Freemasonry
Freemasonry Defined Ordinarily, the word “masonry” literally refers to the work of a stonemason; Freemasons call this “Operative Masonry” to distinguish it from their practices, which they call “Speculative Masonry.” Freemasonry is supposed to have developed from trade guilds or unions of actual masons. Origin of Freemasonry Masonry official position respecting the origin of Freemasonry differs substantially from factual data about the beginning of Freemasonry. Despite claims by Freemasons that their organization dates to antiquity, there was no Freemasonry before the early 18th century. The guilds or lodges of stonemasons in England dwindled to four, comprised almost entirely of persons who no longer were acquainted with actual masonry skills and who were referred to as “gentlemen” Masons. With all but a few operative Masons left, the gentlemen Masons sought to revive festivals of the old guilds, and formed the Institution of Speculative Masonry in 1717. Rev. James Anderson [a Presbyterian minister, 1680-1739] and Rev. John T. Desaguiliers [1683-1744] took the tools of the builders’ trade and applied symbolic meanings to them for moral instruction in a Masonic life. At the same time they disguised in Biblical terminology the ancient pagan mysteries of Egypt and other rites used in the Masonic rituals. (Harris 23) After Anderson and Desaguiliers, Albert Mackey and Albert Pike contributed the most to the development of Freemasonry. Mr. Albert Pike and Albert G. Mackey (1807-1881) were considered the two best interpreters of all Masonic ritual. Albert Mackey, desiring to contribute to the elevation of the …