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The Value of the Pentateuch
Vol. 7, No. 8 — Aug 2005
Page
8
[Publishing Peace. D. Gene West, ed. Moundsville: West Virginia School of Preaching. Nov. 2005: 3-4, 7-8.] Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy together form one continuous whole–one unit of Scripture–known as the Law (Torah, in Hebrew). The names given to the books in the English translations originated from the Septuagint. In the LXX, the books were named according to their content. Later, Latinized substitutions and/or word endings were used in the Vulgate. From these Latinized forms the English names were derived. In scholarly circles, especially, this unit of Scripture is often referred to as the “Pentateuch.”  The term “Pentateuch” is derived from the Greek and is a contraction of “pente” (five) and “teuchos” (volume). When used to modify “biblios” the meaning becomes “five fold book” or “five volume scroll”(Aalders). As Aalders notes, “Obviously this name emphasizes the unity of the five Books of the Law while it also recognizes the fact that the book falls into five sections”(2). Originally, the Hebrews also recognized a five fold division to the books as well. The Hebrews referred to the writings of Moses not only as the Torah (law or instruction) but also as the Humash (the five fifths). The names designated by the Hebrews for the books of the “five volume scroll” were different from the names by which most refer to them today. The Jews would most often refer to the books by their opening words (not word, as some mistakenly state). Thus, Genesis was known as the beresit (in the beginning). Exodus was known as